Showing posts with label Virus. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Virus. Show all posts

Monday, October 12, 2020

Quarantine Poem and A Personal Experience of Scarlet Fever Outbreak in England

No one can come to our house
Except the Doctor man
We can't go anywhere
Until he says we can.

We cannot write a letter
Or send an order out
We can't pay a darned old bill
One vantage point - no doubt.

Noby wants our money
Or anything we've got.
We're all by our lonely
So tears this page should blot.

This really should be very sad
But then - now, still and by
It really hasn't been so bad,
And I will tell you why.

We can sleep late in the morning
We've naught to waken for
No work to do, but in the house
No lunches to pack any more

We can work on jigsaw puzzles
And let the dishes go.
No one can stop in here to call
So nobody will know

1942
Scarlet fever epidemic


The Hospital: Scarlet Fever in Lancashire
by Marypat


THE BACKGROUND

In 1939 at the age of twelve, I went to join my elder sister at a new school. It was a direct grant grammar school of about 350 girls run by nuns, and we were among the eighty or so boarders. Just before Easter in 1943, my younger sister, aged thirteen caught scarlet fever and was taken to the hospital where she stayed for a month. On her return she told us all about it, she had been well-looked after, and best of all she had been given chocolate biscuits, unheard of luxuries in those days At the beginning of November in the same year, just after I had gone into the Lower VIth form, I developed a headache and a sore throat. I was put into the school infirmary and had been there for five days, feeling very ill, being seen by the school doctor, when one of the nuns told me that I would be going to the scarlet fever hospital that day. School was not my favourite place, and the thought of chocolate biscuits and a break from routine did not seem to be a bad prospect. I had no idea where the hospital was, because we only left the school grounds when we all went for a walk in a crocodile in the local park, when our patents came to take us out for the afternoon, or when we went home for the holidays.


THE JOURNEY
It was already dark when the ambulance came. I left wearing my nightdress, dressing gown and bedroom slippers. The only things the nuns would allow me to take were a comb, my toothbrush, six white handkerchiefs and five shillings. By the time the ambulance came at around 5.30 in the afternoon, I was feeling a bit better and told the nurse that I didn't need to lie down, so she wrapped a red blanket round my shoulders and we sat opposite one another, chatting. After a few minutes the nurse said she didn't feel well and she really seemed to be in pain. She lay down on the stretcher, I put a red blanket over her and she didn't speak again. We kept on going in the darkness and when the driver opened the door, I was standing there. "Where's the nurse" he asked, I told him she didn't feel well and I got out and he went to attend to her. I walked through the open door of the building. I did ask the next day what had happened to the nurse, they told me she had peritonitis and had been driven straight-away to another hospital. Somehow this strange happening was a portent of what was to happen.


THE EPIDEMIC
I went in through the front door of the hospital, which was in a small single-storey building made of wood. I learned afterwards that it was one of a number of similar buildings separated from one another by lawns. I was taken from the entrance hall and shown to the first bed in an adjacent ward. I heard one nurse say to another "We don't need to bath her she's from the convent". The ward was not full and one by one the girls, who were all younger than I was, were taken to have their baths.During that evening other children were brought in to fill the empty beds, and all through the next day I watched the ambulance men carry new children into our ward and the boys' ward opposite. Late that evening a nurse came and told me to get up and put on my dressing gown and slippers. She told me that both wards were full and that they were going to have to open another block. It was already dark and I followed her out and across a lawn which was crunchy underfoot and glistening with frost in the moonlight. She produced a key from her pocket and opened the door of an identical building to the first one and she told me it had been closed for a long time. She pointed to the third bed on the right hand side, put some bedding on it and told me that I was being put in that ward because I was the eldest patient. Then another nurse arrived carrying a little girl called Edna May who was about two, and they put her in a cot opposite me. Then the nurses left, leaving us alone and locking the door behind them. There were no curtains at the tall windows and I was absolutely terrified. I imagined that bogey men were peeping at us through the windows or lurking in other rooms. I was so frightened that I was unable to get out of bed even to attend to Edna May who was crying, I comforted her as best I could by talking to her and singing lullabies until eventually she fell asleep.


SETTLING IN
The next morning two day nurses arrived, two men came to put up blackout curtains and black shades on the light bulbs, and more children were brought in. For some reason the nurses decided to fill up the first ward with both boys and girls before starting on the second. In a few days there were 37 children in our block and then the epidemic seemed to ease off. Luckily for me, two ladies were brought in on the second day. One was a married lady of twenty-three and the other was a shorthand typist who was eighteen. They were put in the two beds between me and the door. We never had a night nurse during the whole time I was there. It must have been very difficult to recruit nurses for hospitals for infectious diseases when nurses were needed to care for casualties of war, victims of the blitz as well as fighting men who had been injured overseas and brought home. There was a list of instructions in the bathroom saying that each child had to be bathed every night, stating the correct temperature and the fact that every child had to have clean water. The two ladies and I had to do this. One lady did the bathing, the other did the drying and I carried them to and from their beds. Unfortunately, we couldn't guarantee clean water, so we changed it after every four or five, because we were also ill and it was very hard work.


FOOD AND DAY-TO-DAY LIVING
We had bread, jam and tea for breakfast, which was given to us when the nurses came on duty. At lunchtime every day, a trolley cam from a central kitchen with our lunch. We had minced meat, mashed potatoes, either carrots or cabbage and rice pudding every day.I never ate any lunch because I didn't feel hungry and couldn't face it. At tea time before the nurses went off duty we had bread and jam and tea again. Every night we had the smallest size bottle of Bovril to make a hot drink for all of us and some cream crackers. The two ladies and I got this ready and gave it out to the children. Every Monday morning, a parcel arrived from the convent. It was quite big and was full of what was known as 'ration chocolate' and sweets. I know that the nuns had all parted with their weekly sweet ration to provide this and I was very grateful. As soon as the parcel arrived, a crowd of children stood around my bed, we divided the contents as evenly as we could among all of us. We were not allowed to send letters or to use the telephone. Any visitors who came had to speak to us through the closed ward windows. My father had fought in Belgium through the First World War and he was now 51. His work involved the provision of animal feeding stuffs. Because he had to travel over the north west, he had a petrol ration. When he was in the area, he used to visit me and we had to shout at one another to make ourselves heard. We had been taught in school not to complain about anything. If we did, we were reprimanded and told that young men, only a few years older than we were, were fighting for our freedom, and that whatever our complaints they were nothing compared with what they had to endure. And of course this was true. But in any case, I didn't want to worry my parents, so I never told him I had any problems. The only visitors to the wards were the doctor and two chaplains who came every week to talk to us. Our doctor was lovely, and one day we were told that he had lost his two sons in the war and that he wouldn't be coming back.He was replaced by a lady but she never came into the ward. She just stood in the doorway and looking at each of us individually, waved her hand and said things like "How are you today?" or "Are you feeling better?" or "Has your headache gone?". I was angry with her at the time because I thought she was afraid of catching something, but having thought about it since, she had probably been 'borrowed' from another hospital and could not come in for fear of contaminating other patients.


NEW ARRIVALS
This story only becomes extraordinary when I relate what happened next. Two sailors from a naval prison were brought in and they were wearing white tropical kit. Keith was 21 and Jim was 18. They told us that they had each been sentenced to three months in the prison for having an argument with some Americans in a pub when they were on leave. They also told us that they didn't have scarlet fever, they had eaten carbolic soap. They said it was well-known in prisons that if you eat carbolic soap you get the symptoms of scarlet fever. They didn't want to leave the navy, they just didn't want to be in prison where everything had to be done at the double. In the central area between the two wards, there was an office, a bathroom and a kitchen. Through the kitchen there was a sideward. I never went into it but Keith and Jim were given two beds in there.


ECONOMIC ADVENTURES
Soon after their arrival, Keith and Jim started to sneak out during the day. still wearing their tropical kit. They climbed over the perimeter fence and found a little general shop quite near the hospital owned by an old woman, and she sold them balls of string. They used the legs of an upturned chair which they put on the kitchen table, and then using their fishnet making skills, they made shopping bags with two handles. When they had completed a few, they took the bags back to the shop and the old woman bought them for five shillings each. At night, after the nurses had gone,they would go out and spend the money in the local pub. It amazed me that nobody ever became suspicious of two sailors wearing tropical kit in the middle of winter. On their return they would play cards with the two women on the beds next to me and I used to watch them. They never asked me to play or offered me any drink. I had had a very sheltered and protected upbringing, and after four years in the convent I was very naive and innocent. One night one of the ladies said "Who is getting into Pat's bed tonight?"
Now I can see that they were only teasing me but at that time I was shocked and horrified. I had to make myself stay awake until the sailors went back to the sideward late in the night. There is no comparison between a sixteen-year old brought up as I was in those days and a sixteen-year old of today.


CHANGES
On one of his trips outside, Jim broke his ankle and went off somewhere to have a plaster-of-paris cast put on it. He had taken on the responsibility of preparing the supper and I can see him now, hopping down the ward with a tray of cups.I wore the same long, pink nightdress for all the time I was there. It had got very dirty and I was ashamed of anybody seeing it, so I used to manoeuvre myself into my dressing gown before getting out of bed. I asked one of the nurses to buy something for me outside, but she refised saying she couldn't take my contaminated money out of the ward. So I had to manage. I was a tall girl and took size seven in shoes. Soon after he came Keith passed me in the ward and said "I'll have those" pointing to my slippers. He took them from me, put them on and walked off. I was well- trained in self-discipline and had been taught to consider others before thinking about myself. Also, I knew very little about men. I had three sisters and my two brothers were very young. So I was much too afraid to challenge Ken and ask for my slippers back. I walked around for the rest of the time in my bare feet.I got a bad throat infection and because of this I had to stay longer than the normal four weeks. The treatment I got, because there were no antibiotics then, was a bottle of Condy's Fluid, a bright reddish- purple liquid which when diluted was used as a gargle.


GETTING READY TO LEAVE
Before leaving hospital, quite a ritual had to be performed. The convent had been contacted and they had sent a set of underclothes and my school uniform but these were kept away from me.The night before I was due to go, I had a bath and washed my hair and was told to put on my underclothes.I was put in a bed near the door, told to lie at the wrong end with my feet on the pillow and my feet and hands were exposed. I stayed like that all night and then the next morning, someone came to inspect my hands and feet to see if they had stopped peeling, as this was an indication that I was better. We were not supposed to leave the hospital with lice in our hair, but we all had those and nobody ever mentioned them. After I had been cleared I went into the bathroom and put on my uniform. Then I was told to wait in the kitchen. I put my nightdress, dressing gown and money in a brown paper carrier bag after having squirted them with disinfectant from a spray. We had not seen Keith for a few days as we were told that he was ill and they thought he had a mastoid. As I sat on the kitchen table waiting for my father, a man went into Ken's room and a few minutes later wheeled him out on a low trolley. He stopped in front of me and went out to speak to one of the nurses. Keith's eyes were closed and on the ends of his feet were my slippers. Spying my opportunity and making sure nobody was looking, I very delicately removed them from his feet, sprayed them with disinfectant and pushed them down the side of the carrier bag.


HOME
My father came to collect me and I was received with much joy and happiness when I arrived home, and much excitement from my little sister and brothers. I hadn't seen my mother for a long time and we were all very happy. Later that evening, we we all sitting round the kitchen fire when I told them the story of my slippers.I was feeling proud, we were short of clothing coupons and my mother wouldn't need to buy me new ones. After hearing what had happened, she jumped up, grabbed the slippers and threw them onto the back of the fire. I didn't go back to school for quite a long time because I had a chest infection and got out of breath when I went upstairs. I was well looked after by the family doctor, but my mother had the real remedy. Every night she poured a bottle of Guinness into a cream enamel jug and added some sugar and powdered ginger. Then she put the poker into the fire until it was red hot and plunged it into the jug. The liquid went all frothy and then I had to drink it. My mother said the iron in the poker would make me strong !


AFTERTHOUGHTS
I think all the people at the hospital did their best for us, but the epidemic took them unawares and they didn't thave the facilities to cope with it.The experience had such an effect on me that I decided there and then to make sure I could remember every detail, because I knew that sometime in the future, someone would find it interesting. There were so many sad, strange and memorable stories of bravery, hardship and real suffering during those years, that my story would not have meant much to anybody. So I decided quite consciously to keep it in my memory until the time came to tell it. Perhaps that moment is now.

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Thursday, September 24, 2020

Some New Virus Funnies


















The History of Pandemics

Published
 


The History of Pandemics

Pan·dem·ic /panˈdemik/ (of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world.
As humans have spread across the world, so have infectious diseases. Even in this modern era, outbreaks are nearly constant, though not every outbreak reaches pandemic level as COVID-19 has.
Today’s visualization outlines some of history’s most deadly pandemics, from the Antonine Plague to the current COVID-19 event.

A Timeline of Historical Pandemics

Disease and illnesses have plagued humanity since the earliest days, our mortal flaw. However, it was not until the marked shift to agrarian communities that the scale and spread of these diseases increased dramatically.
Widespread trade created new opportunities for human and animal interactions that sped up such epidemics. Malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, influenza, smallpox, and others first appeared during these early years.
The more civilized humans became – with larger cities, more exotic trade routes, and increased contact with different populations of people, animals, and ecosystems – the more likely pandemics would occur.
Here are some of the major pandemics that have occurred over time:
NameTime periodType / Pre-human hostDeath toll
Antonine Plague165-180Believed to be either smallpox or measles5M
Japanese smallpox epidemic735-737Variola major virus1M
Plague of Justinian541-542Yersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas30-50M
Black Death1347-1351Yersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas200M
New World Smallpox Outbreak1520 – onwardsVariola major virus56M
Great Plague of London1665Yersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas100,000
Italian plague1629-1631Yersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas1M
Cholera Pandemics 1-61817-1923V. cholerae bacteria1M+
Third Plague1885Yersinia pestis bacteria / Rats, fleas12M (China and India)
Yellow FeverLate 1800sVirus / Mosquitoes100,000-150,000 (U.S.)
Russian Flu1889-1890Believed to be H2N2 (avian origin)1M
Spanish Flu1918-1919H1N1 virus / Pigs40-50M
Asian Flu1957-1958H2N2 virus1.1M
Hong Kong Flu1968-1970H3N2 virus1M
HIV/AIDS1981-presentVirus / Chimpanzees25-35M
Swine Flu2009-2010H1N1 virus / Pigs200,000
SARS2002-2003Coronavirus / Bats, Civets770
Ebola2014-2016Ebolavirus / Wild animals11,000
MERS2015-PresentCoronavirus / Bats, camels850
COVID-192019-PresentCoronavirus – Unknown (possibly pangolins)848K (Johns Hopkins University estimate as of 10:28am PT, Aug 31, 2020)
Note: Many of the death toll numbers listed above are best estimates based on available research. Some, such as the Plague of Justinian and Swine Flu, are subject to debate based on new evidence.
Despite the persistence of disease and pandemics throughout history, there’s one consistent trend over time – a gradual reduction in the death rate. Healthcare improvements and understanding the factors that incubate pandemics have been powerful tools in mitigating their impact.

Wrath of the Gods

In many ancient societies, people believed that spirits and gods inflicted disease and destruction upon those that deserved their wrath. This unscientific perception often led to disastrous responses that resulted in the deaths of thousands, if not millions.
In the case of Justinian’s plague, the Byzantine historian Procopius of Caesarea traced the origins of the plague (the Yersinia pestis bacteria) to China and northeast India, via land and sea trade routes to Egypt where it entered the Byzantine Empire through Mediterranean ports.
Despite his apparent knowledge of the role geography and trade played in this spread, Procopius laid blame for the outbreak on the Emperor Justinian, declaring him to be either a devil, or invoking God’s punishment for his evil ways. Some historians found that this event could have dashed Emperor Justinian’s efforts to reunite the Western and Eastern remnants of the Roman Empire, and marked the beginning of the Dark Ages.
Luckily, humanity’s understanding of the causes of disease has improved, and this is resulting in a drastic improvement in the response to modern pandemics, albeit slow and incomplete.

Importing Disease

The practice of quarantine began during the 14th century, in an effort to protect coastal cities from plague epidemics. Cautious port authorities required ships arriving in Venice from infected ports to sit at anchor for 40 days before landing — the origin of the word quarantine from the Italian “quaranta giorni”, or 40 days.
One of the first instances of relying on geography and statistical analysis was in mid-19th century London, during a cholera outbreak. In 1854, Dr. John Snow came to the conclusion that cholera was spreading via tainted water and decided to display neighborhood mortality data directly on a map. This method revealed a cluster of cases around a specific pump from which people were drawing their water from.
While the interactions created through trade and urban life play a pivotal role, it is also the virulent nature of particular diseases that indicate the trajectory of a pandemic.

Tracking Infectiousness

Scientists use a basic measure to track the infectiousness of a disease called the reproduction number — also known as R0 or “R naught.” This number tells us how many susceptible people, on average, each sick person will in turn infect.



Measles tops the list, being the most contagious with a R0 range of 12-18. This means a single person can infect, on average, 12 to 18 people in an unvaccinated population.
While measles may be the most virulent, vaccination efforts and herd immunity can curb its spread. The more people are immune to a disease, the less likely it is to proliferate, making vaccinations critical to prevent the resurgence of known and treatable diseases.
It’s hard to calculate and forecast the true impact of COVID-19, as the outbreak is still ongoing and researchers are still learning about this new form of coronavirus.

Urbanization and the Spread of Disease

We arrive at where we began, with rising global connections and interactions as a driving force behind pandemics. From small hunting and gathering tribes to the metropolis, humanity’s reliance on one another has also sparked opportunities for disease to spread.
Urbanization in the developing world is bringing more and more rural residents into denser neighborhoods, while population increases are putting greater pressure on the environment. At the same time, passenger air traffic nearly doubled in the past decade. These macro trends are having a profound impact on the spread of infectious disease.
As organizations and governments around the world ask for citizens to practice social distancing to help reduce the rate of infection, the digital world is allowing people to maintain connections and commerce like never before.
Editor’s Note: The COVID-19 pandemic is in its early stages and it is obviously impossible to predict its future impact. This post and infographic are meant to provide historical context, and we will continue to update it as time goes on to maintain its accuracy.
Update (March 15, 2020): We’ve adjusted the death toll for COVID-19, and will continue to update on a regular basis.


Thursday, May 7, 2020

Funniest VIRUS PUNS!!

Here they are - some of the funniest VIRUS PUNS all in one spot! 
Some of these are laugh out loud funny!!








Broadneck High School’s Class of 2020 Senior Prank Maryland





































Carla and Carl Cavedweller are social distancing champs!
From Santa Cruz Boardwalk Sky Glider
Santa Cruz, California
Beach Boardwalk



STAYING HOME . . . 

I was so bored I called Jake from State Farm just to talk to someone.   He asked me what I was wearing…


2019: Stay away from negative people. 
2020: Stay away from positive people.


The world has turned upside down. Old folks are sneaking out of the house, and their kids are yelling at them to stay indoors!

This virus has done what no woman has been able to do … 
cancel all sports, shut down all bars, and keep men at home!!!


Do not call the police on suspicious people in your neighborhood!
Those are your neighbors without makeup and hair extensions!


Since we can’t eat out, now’s the perfect time to eat better, get fit, and stay healthy. 


We’re quarantined! Who are we trying to impress? We have snacks, we have sweatpants! I say we use them!


Day 7 at home and the dog is looking at me like, “See . . . This is why I chew the furniture!”


Does anyone know if we can take showers yet or should we just keep washing our hands???


I never thought the comment, “I wouldn’t touch him/her with a 6 foot pole” would become a national policy, but here we are!


Me: Alexa what’s the weather this weekend?
Alexa: It doesn’t matter – you’re not going anywhere.


Can everyone please just follow the government instructions so we can knock out this corona-virus and be done?! I feel like a kindergartner who keeps losing more recess time because one or two kids can’t follow directions.


I swear my fridge just said, “What the heck do you want now?”


When this is over I am wondering what meeting do I attend first … Weight Watchers or AA?


Quarantine has turned us into dogs. We roam the house all day looking for food. We are told “no” if we get too close to strangers, and we get really excited about a car ride.


Saw my neighbor out early this morning scraping the  “My Kid is aTerrific Student” sticker off her minivan.  Guess the first week of home-schooling didn’t go so well!


Pollution levels dropping at record breaking rates. Fewer cars on the road, fewer cruise ships on the seas, fewer planes in the sky.    Same number of cows.


NO SPORTS! BUT… if you dump a bag of Skittles in the toilet, squint your eyes and flush it’s almost like watching a NASCAR race!


Remember when you were a kid and you would say “don’t touch me, you have cooties”? Ding ding ding…Round 2. Just older now.


As soon as the stores open up again, let's all run out and get some really great teacher appreciation gifts, like the thrill you got finding that the store had a package of toilet paper!


Since we are stuck at home we should call random numbers in India and ask them about their extended car warranty ...... college loans due .... emspfennsbbw (unintelligible babble about something).


Wonder how many students are missing their old teachers because their new one is too mean?


Publix and other Florida supermarkets are announcing special early morning hours just for people 60 and older. The other 10 people in the state are thrilled to have the stores to themselves the rest of the day!



Day six of no sports: Today I watched birds in the backyard fight over worms. Cardinals were beating the Blue Jays 4 to 2.


I'm putting 4 beers in every room and getting dressed up … then I’m going bar hopping!


I need to practice social distancing from the refrigerator!


*****After years of wanting to thoroughly clean my house (basement, garage, closets) but lacking the time . . . this week I discovered that wasn’t the reason. 


GOTTA KEEP A SENSE OF HUMOR!